Armenian cochineal

taxon
Nangban yiŋga Yuya	Porphyrophora hamelii
Yaɣili Kpamli	species
Lamba Zuliya	Porphyrophora
This taxon is source of	Armenian cochineal
Intangible cultural heritage status	Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Armenia
Diel cycle	diurnality

Armenian cochineal (Porphyrophora hamelii), bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Ararat cochineal bee Ararat scale, nyɛla binneenbila so ŋun be Ararat plain mini Aras (Araks) River valley din be Armenian Highlands mini Turkey. Bɛ daa na mali la lala binneenbila ŋɔ m-maani eponymous crimson carmine dyestuff, Armenia bɛ booni li la vordan karmir (Armenian: որդան կարմիր, literally "worm's red") ka taarihi ni Persia nima booni li kirmiz.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] Lala binnɛma ŋɔ kpihindi la Armenia tiŋgbani ni.^[7]

"Armenian cochineal scale" binneenbila, Porphyrophora hamelii, nyɛla ŋun be "taxonomic family" balibu ni "cochineal" din be Americas. Binnɛma maa zaa malila "red dyestuffs" ka bɛ booni di zaa "cochineal".^[8]

↑ A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ScaleNet_Porphyrophora_hamelii
↑ Ben-Dov, Yair (2005). A Systematic Catalogue of the Scale Insect Family Magarodidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the World. United Kingdom: Intercept (Lavoisier). ISBN 978-1-84585-000-5.
↑ Forbes, R.J. (1964) [1956]. Studies in Ancient Technology. IV (2nd ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill. pp. 102–103. ISBN 90-04-08307-3.
↑ Donkin, R.A. (1977). "The Insect Dyes of Western and West-Central Asia". Anthropos 72 (5/6): 847–880.
↑ Vedeler, Marianne (2014). Silk for the Vikings. Oxford, United Kingdom: OXBOW BOOKS. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-78297-215-0. Vedeler, citing Cardon (2007), notes that "the Persian name Kirmiz originally referred to the Armenian carmine, a parasitic insect living on Gramineae grass, but the same name was also used by Arab geographers for insects living on oak trees in Maghreb and Al-Andalus, probably referring to Kermes vermilio", although "[i]t is ... not clear whether the 'Kirmiz' dyestuff mentioned in early Arab texts always refers to the use of the insect Kermes Vermilio."
↑ Cardon, Dominique (2007). Natural Dyes: Sources, Tradition, Technology and Science. London, United Kingdom: Archetype Books. ISBN 978-1-904982-00-5. English translation by Caroline Higgitt of Cardon's French-language book Le monde des teintures naturelles (Éditions Belin, Paris, 2003).
↑ Khachatryan, H.. Porphyrophora ham melii Brandt, 1833. Republic of Armenia Ministry of Environment.
↑ Eastaugh, Nicholas; Walsh, Valentine; Chaplin, Tracey; Siddall, Ruth (2004). Pigment Compendium: A Dictionary of Historical Pigments. Oxford, UK and Burlington, MA: Elsevier Butterwoth-Heinemann. pp. 118–119. ISBN 0-7506-5749-9. Retrieved 4 December 2015.

[ScaleNet_Porphyrophora_hamelii-1] A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ScaleNet_Porphyrophora_hamelii

[Ben-Dov_2005-2] Ben-Dov, Yair (2005). A Systematic Catalogue of the Scale Insect Family Magarodidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the World. United Kingdom: Intercept (Lavoisier). ISBN 978-1-84585-000-5.

[Forbes_1964-3] Forbes, R.J. (1964) [1956]. Studies in Ancient Technology. IV (2nd ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill. pp. 102–103. ISBN 90-04-08307-3.

[Donkin_1977-4] Donkin, R.A. (1977). "The Insect Dyes of Western and West-Central Asia". Anthropos 72 (5/6): 847–880.

[Vedeler_2014-5] Vedeler, Marianne (2014). Silk for the Vikings. Oxford, United Kingdom: OXBOW BOOKS. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-78297-215-0. Vedeler, citing Cardon (2007), notes that "the Persian name Kirmiz originally referred to the Armenian carmine, a parasitic insect living on Gramineae grass, but the same name was also used by Arab geographers for insects living on oak trees in Maghreb and Al-Andalus, probably referring to Kermes vermilio", although "[i]t is ... not clear whether the 'Kirmiz' dyestuff mentioned in early Arab texts always refers to the use of the insect Kermes Vermilio."

[Cardon_2007-6] Cardon, Dominique (2007). Natural Dyes: Sources, Tradition, Technology and Science. London, United Kingdom: Archetype Books. ISBN 978-1-904982-00-5. English translation by Caroline Higgitt of Cardon's French-language book Le monde des teintures naturelles (Éditions Belin, Paris, 2003).

[MNP_RA_P_ham-7] Khachatryan, H.. Porphyrophora ham melii Brandt, 1833. Republic of Armenia Ministry of Environment.

[Eastaugh_etal_2007-8] Eastaugh, Nicholas; Walsh, Valentine; Chaplin, Tracey; Siddall, Ruth (2004). Pigment Compendium: A Dictionary of Historical Pigments. Oxford, UK and Burlington, MA: Elsevier Butterwoth-Heinemann. pp. 118–119. ISBN 0-7506-5749-9. Retrieved 4 December 2015.

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